Redox Signaling refers to the process in which free radicals, reactive oxygen species and other electronically activated radicals serve as messengers in the biological system. It is basically the process that displays how cells in our body respond to free radicals and oxidants. Redox signaling is a continuous and important process, through which human cells connect with each other and carry out important body functions.

Redox Signaling Molecules - What are they?

There are two types of Signaling molecules - "communicator" and "activator". These 2 play the role of messengers and are accountable for the communication between cells throughout our body. Also called Signaling molecules, they trigger the body's antioxidant compounds - Glutathione, Catalase and SOD.

In simpler terms, Redox signaling molecules are substances that are produced naturally within each cell of the body. When the cells are necessary to perform various functions, they generate 2 types of signaling molecules.

The first set of "activator" molecules set off the antioxidants stored in the body. Antioxidants are very effective in fighting off the impairment caused by free radicals and oxidative stress; however they cannot function except if activated by the signaling molecules. Thus you require the Redox signaling 'activator' molecules to make the antioxidants to work.

The 2nd set of "communicator" molecules is responsible for enabling correct communication between the cells of the body, making sure optimum performance of the immune system and safeguarding the body against external stimuli such as harmful bacteria, viruses etc. The millions of cells in our body are in a position to properly communicate and function because of the Redox signaling molecules.

Why is Redox signaling so essential?

Both the external and internal factors such as stress, toxic chemicals, poor nutrition, bacterial infections etc affect our health in an undesirable way. This causes considerable cellular damage and a reduction in Redox signaling molecules. Without an adequate supply of Redox signaling molecules the immune system and antioxidants are unable to function effectively, leading to a vast range of health ailments.

Scientists and researchers worldwide have been conducting several studies on the Redox signaling molecules to discover more about their structure, effect and function with respect to human health. Let us take a look at some of the popular studies on this subject:

Blue-eyed, White Cats are Deaf

Charles Darwin, the father of evolution had mentioned "white cats with blue eyes are almost deaf". He suggested that developmental issues with the nervous system may be the cause of deafness in the white, blue-eyed cats. But researchers think it has something to do with the Redox signaling process, as Central nervous system growth is a messenger-mediated procedure and so is the melanin synthesis.

Thus an imbalance in the Redox signaling process leads to poor melanin synthesis (giving the cat its white color) and leads to defective intra-cellular communication (causing hearing impairment).

Research by Hoffer and Osmond

The very first instance of Redox processes being involved in cell signaling was given by Hoffer and Osmond. According to the Adrenochrome hypothesis, "psychoactive oxidative items of catecholamines (adrenochromes) play a part in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric diseases". While the proposed hypothesis still remains in question, the simple fact that messenger-mediated oxidative stress can result in neuropsychiatric conditions, has been proven correct.

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